GRI RELATED UPDATES

The international climate agreement aiming to hold warming well below 2°C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.

A financial-industry initiative and standard for measuring and disclosing emissions associated with loans, investments, insurance and other financial activities.

The duration for which carbon remains stored and the degree to which reversal risk is controlled.

Risk arising from acute events such as storms, floods and wildfires or chronic shifts such as heat, drought and sea-level rise.

Financial or in-kind support for political activity and efforts to influence public policy or regulation.

The introduction of substances, energy or organisms into the environment at levels that cause harm or unacceptable risk.

Actions that avoid or reduce pollution at source rather than controlling or cleaning it after generation.

Indicators and disclosures under the EU sustainable finance framework concerning significant negative effects of investment decisions on sustainability factors.

A global investor initiative built around six voluntary principles for incorporating ESG issues into investment and ownership practices.

The greenhouse gas emissions associated with a product across defined life-cycle stages, expressed in CO2e per functional unit.

The duty to design, manufacture, market and support products and services so that foreseeable risks to users and others are controlled.

Shared responsibility for reducing a product's environmental, health and safety impacts across its life cycle.

The exercise of shareholder voting rights without attending a meeting in person, often through electronic or appointed proxy processes.

A service provider that analyses shareholder meeting proposals and provides voting research or recommendations to investors.

A high, though not absolute, level of assurance based on more extensive evidence and procedures than limited assurance.

Actions that restore affected people as far as possible to the position they would have been in had harm not occurred, or otherwise provide appropriate redress.